Electric toothbrush is a kind of toothbrush which is powered by drive motor . It can produce automatic and rapid bristles vibrating, oscillating before and after or oscillating in a rotating manner (the brush head rotates alternately clockwise and counterclockwise) to achieve the effect of cleaning teeth. The toothbrush is powered by a drive motor that causes the toothbrush to produce a sound speed or a vibration that is slower than the speed of sound. Ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic toothbrush is produced by piezoelectric crystal. Modern electric toothbrushes are usually powered by batteries and are generally charged by wireless charging: they can be charged without using a toothbrush on a charging base.
The first electric toothbrush was produced by Motodent in the U.S.A. in 1938.[citation needed] In Switzerland in 1954 Dr. Philippe Guy Woog invented the Broxodent. Woog's electric toothbrushes were originally manufactured in Switzerland (later in France) for Broxo S.A. The device plugged into a standard wall outlet and ran on line voltage. Electric toothbrushes were initially created for patients with limited motor skills and for orthodontic patients (such as those with braces).
The first ultrasonic toothbrush was named Ultima and later changed its name to Ultrasonex. This ultrasonic toothbrush was patented in the United States and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a home appliance in 1992. Early ultrasonic toothbrushes only had ultrasonic waves, but Ultrasonex introduced a model with an electric motor several years later that provided additional acoustic vibration to the user.
Claims have been made that electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual ones as they are less dependent upon a user's personal brushing technique. Some dentists also claim that they help children with overcoming their fear of the dentist. Independent research finds that most electric toothbrushes are no more effective than manual brushes—assuming that people use a manual toothbrush brush effectively. The rotation-oscillation-models have been found to be marginally better than manual ones, though of uncertain clinical importance. The research concludes that the way brushing is done, including the amount of time spent, is more important than the choice of brush. For patients with limited manual dexterity or where difficulty exists in reaching rear teeth, however, dentists regard electric toothbrushes as being especially beneficial. A 2014 Cochrane review suggested the effectiveness of electric toothbrushes over manual ones: plaque build-up and gingival inflammation was reduced by 11% and 6% respectively after one to three months of use and after three months of use, the reduction observed was greater – 21% reduction in plaque and 11% reduction in gingival inflammation.[19] In addition, ultrasound from a commercially available ultrasonic toothbrush has been shown to break up dental plaque composed of chains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria, destroying their cell walls and removing their methods of attachment to the enamel surface, at a distance of 5mm from the plaque.
The effectiveness of an electric toothbrush depends not only on its type of action and on correct use, but also on the condition of the brush head.[citation needed] Most manufacturers recommend that heads be changed every three to six months at minimum, or as soon as the brush head has visibly deteriorated.
Modern electric toothbrushes are driven with a low voltage and generally seal the non-replaceable but rechargeable battery inside the toothbrush handle for waterproofing. Early electric toothbrushes used metal charging contacts. Modern electric toothbrushes used non-contact wireless charging: a toothbrush and a charger coil each had a coil; when the two were close together, the charger's charged coil passed the electromagnetic induction. Conduction to the handle of the toothbrush to charge the toothbrush battery.
The first electric toothbrush was produced by Motodent in the U.S.A. in 1938.[citation needed] In Switzerland in 1954 Dr. Philippe Guy Woog invented the Broxodent. Woog's electric toothbrushes were originally manufactured in Switzerland (later in France) for Broxo S.A. The device plugged into a standard wall outlet and ran on line voltage. Electric toothbrushes were initially created for patients with limited motor skills and for orthodontic patients (such as those with braces).
The first ultrasonic toothbrush was named Ultima and later changed its name to Ultrasonex. This ultrasonic toothbrush was patented in the United States and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a home appliance in 1992. Early ultrasonic toothbrushes only had ultrasonic waves, but Ultrasonex introduced a model with an electric motor several years later that provided additional acoustic vibration to the user.
Claims have been made that electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual ones as they are less dependent upon a user's personal brushing technique. Some dentists also claim that they help children with overcoming their fear of the dentist. Independent research finds that most electric toothbrushes are no more effective than manual brushes—assuming that people use a manual toothbrush brush effectively. The rotation-oscillation-models have been found to be marginally better than manual ones, though of uncertain clinical importance. The research concludes that the way brushing is done, including the amount of time spent, is more important than the choice of brush. For patients with limited manual dexterity or where difficulty exists in reaching rear teeth, however, dentists regard electric toothbrushes as being especially beneficial. A 2014 Cochrane review suggested the effectiveness of electric toothbrushes over manual ones: plaque build-up and gingival inflammation was reduced by 11% and 6% respectively after one to three months of use and after three months of use, the reduction observed was greater – 21% reduction in plaque and 11% reduction in gingival inflammation.[19] In addition, ultrasound from a commercially available ultrasonic toothbrush has been shown to break up dental plaque composed of chains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria, destroying their cell walls and removing their methods of attachment to the enamel surface, at a distance of 5mm from the plaque.
The effectiveness of an electric toothbrush depends not only on its type of action and on correct use, but also on the condition of the brush head.[citation needed] Most manufacturers recommend that heads be changed every three to six months at minimum, or as soon as the brush head has visibly deteriorated.
Modern electric toothbrushes are driven with a low voltage and generally seal the non-replaceable but rechargeable battery inside the toothbrush handle for waterproofing. Early electric toothbrushes used metal charging contacts. Modern electric toothbrushes used non-contact wireless charging: a toothbrush and a charger coil each had a coil; when the two were close together, the charger's charged coil passed the electromagnetic induction. Conduction to the handle of the toothbrush to charge the toothbrush battery.
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